Collision regulations
Everyone using the waterways should know the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
Keeping a lookout
A good lookout through sight and sound must be kept at all times. The master is responsible for keeping a lookout for dangers. Be aware of the boating environment, especially in bad weather, restricted visibility and darkness.
Navigation rules
Navigation rules are often called 'rules of the road at sea' and apply to all boats. These rules give clear indication about passing, approaching, giving way and overtaking other boats.
You should always make your movements clear and deliberate so that other masters can see your intentions. Never assume the master of another boat will observe the rules – always be prepared to take action to avoid a collision.
Rivers and channels
A vessel must always be navigated on the starboard side (right) of a river or channel.
Approaching head on to another boat
Each boat alters course to starboard (right) and passes port to port (left). Always assume this situation exists.
Power-driven boats crossing
A boat approaching from your starboard (right) side has right of way. If you are approaching another boat from its starboard side, you have right of way. However, if the other boat does not give way, you must take action to avoid a collision.
Overtaking
If you are overtaking a boat, you can do so at either side of the boat you wish to pass. However, you must keep well clear of the boat you are overtaking. This applies to both sail and power boats.
Sailing boats and power-driven boats
Power usually gives way to sail. However, this does not always apply. Larger vessels, such as ferries or container ships, have difficulty manoeuvring due to their size. Masters of other boats, including sail boats, should always apply common sense and seamanship by giving larger vessels a wide berth.
Sailing boats
- When two sailing boats have wind on different sides, the boat with the wind on the port side must give way.
- When both boats have the wind on the same side, the boat to windward shall give way to the boat to leeward.
Sound signals
Most recreational boats do not use sound signals, however they are used by ships and larger vessels. Boats more than 12 metres should carry sound signals, a whistle and a bell. Vessels under 12 metres should have some means for making an efficient sound signal.
Sound signals are either used to indicate manoeuvring or warning, but also during restricted visibility.
You should be aware of sound signals and what action you should take when you hear a sound signal. Sound signals may be accompanied by light signals.
Manoeuvring and warning
- One short blast means 'I am altering my course to starboard'.
- Two short blasts mean 'I am altering my course to port'.
- Three short blasts means 'I am operating engines astern' (the boat may be reversing or stopping).
- Five (or more) short blasts mean 'I am unsure of your intentions'.
Restricted visibility
All boats should use sound signals in restricted visibility to alert others of their position. Use common sense and slow your boat or stop and be ready to take immediate action. Be extremely cautious when operating in restricted visibility.
